Right to Education

Concept

The “Right to Education” is a fundamental human right recognized and protected under various international treaties, prominently the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR). The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) specifically addresses children’s right to education, emphasizing free and compulsory primary education and the importance of the best interests of the child.

The right to education encompasses several key elements:

• Universal Access

The right to education ensures that education is accessible to all without discrimination, ensuring equal opportunities for everyone, including marginalized and vulnerable groups.

• Compulsory and Free Primary Education

Many international agreements emphasize the importance of compulsory and free primary education. States are obligated to make primary education compulsory and free, ensuring that children have access to basic education without financial barriers.

• Quality Education

The right to education includes access to quality education that is relevant, culturally appropriate, and meets certain standards. It emphasizes the need for qualified teachers, adequate facilities, and a curriculum that fosters critical thinking, creativity, and lifelong learning.

• Non-Discrimination

The right to education prohibits discrimination based on race, gender, ethnicity, religion, disability, or any other status. States must ensure that all individuals have equal access to education opportunities and resources.

• Inclusive Education

The right to education promotes inclusive education, ensuring that individuals with disabilities have equal access to education and reasonable accommodations to facilitate their learning.

• Education as a Tool for Human Development

Education is recognized as a powerful tool for personal development, empowerment, and societal progress. It includes not only formal education but also opportunities for vocational training, adult education, and lifelong learning.

Constitution of Pakistan

Article 25-A of the Constitution of Pakistan guarantees the Right to Education for all children between the ages of 5-16 years. This article makes it obligatory for the state to provide free and compulsory education to all children, regardless of their gender, religion, or socio-economic status.

Sindh Legal Framework

The Government of Sindh has enacted the Sindh Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2013 and the Sindh Prohibition of Corporal Punishment Act, 2016 to establish a comprehensive framework to increase enrolment and retention at all levels of education.